Klaus Barbie was head of the Gestapo in Lyon, France in WWII. His job was to crush French resistance and his barbarity earned him the nickname "Butcher of Lyon." Responsible for the deaths of more than 4, 000 French men and women, Barbie disappeared after the war. "Ivan the Terrible," aka Ivan Grozny, aka Ivan Marchenko, had been a spectacularly brutal Ukrainian guard at the Treblinka death camp. Husband and wife team Serge and Beate Klarsfeld went in search of Klaus Barbie and first found him in Peru. He then fled to Bolivia, but the Klarsfelds did not give up. In 1983, their relentless political pressure paid off and Barbie was jailed in Bolivia for debt. He was returned to Lyons, the site of his most notorious wartime crimes, and was charged with crimes against humanity. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Four years later, he died in prison from cancer. The pursuit of Ivan the Terrible called into question the single minded avenging of war crimes. In October 1983, the Israeli authorities heard that a man suspected of being Ivan the Terrible had been found living in Ohio as a retired auto worker. His name was John Demjanjuk. The U.S. deported him and a sensational trial began. It seemed an open and shut case. But then the case unraveled. The evidence from the U.S.S.R. turned out to have been faked - probably to embarrass the U.S. by showing how it had been harboring war criminals.
